The combination of hydrogen technology and photovoltaics (PV) offers considerable potential for a sustainable energy future. By converting solar energy into hydrogen, seasonal and diurnal fluctuations in solar energy can be balanced out and a continuous energy supply ensured.
Energy conversion and storage
Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight directly into electrical energy, but this is not always available when demand is greatest. Through electrolysis, excess solar energy can be used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. The resulting hydrogen can be stored and converted back into electrical energy when needed, for example using fuel cells.
This form of energy storage is particularly valuable as it can store large amounts of energy over long periods of time without significant losses. Compared to battery storage, which is ideal for short-term storage, hydrogen offers a solution for long-term storage and use.
Integration into energy systems
The integration of hydrogen and photovoltaics into existing energy systems offers numerous advantages. Hydrogen can be used in various sectors, including industry, transportation and residential buildings. In the transportation sector, hydrogen as a fuel for fuel cell vehicles enables emission-free mobility. In industry, it can be used as a raw material and energy carrier, for example in steel production, where it can replace coal.
In addition, hydrogen can serve as a buffer in the electricity grid and help to ensure grid stability. In times of high solar energy production, surplus electricity can be used to produce hydrogen, while in times of low production, the stored hydrogen can be used to generate electricity.
Future prospects
In summary, it can be said that the combination of hydrogen and photovoltaics offers considerable opportunities for a sustainable energy supply. By using solar energy to produce hydrogen, flexible and long-term energy storage can be realized, which can make an important contribution to the decarbonization of energy systems.
